Incandescent fuel-lamp.



M 7 03cm? W/EDE/FHOLD BY a l r Y ATTORNEYS- 0. WIEDERHOLD.

INCANDESCENT FUEL LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 9. 1915.

Patented June 20, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

i I"! Q IN l/EIV TOR 0. W IEDERHOLD. INCANDESCENT FUEL LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 9|19|5.

Patnted June 20, 1916. v

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

:2 WITNESSES 3 M mmvmn 11 TTORNEYS OSCAR WIEDERHOLD, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY.

INCANDESCENT FUEL-LAMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June so, 1916.

Application filed January 9, 1915. Serial No. 1,265.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OSCAR l/VIEDERHOLD, a. citizen of the United States, and a resident of Jersey Gity,'county of Hudson, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Incandescent Fuel- Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to incandescent fuel lamps and has for its object to provide a lamp of this type having a maximum of efliciency and capable of being advanta geously used with illuminating gas as well as with kerosene or other relatively inexpensive and readily available liquid fuel.

My improvement further contemplates constructing the lamp in such a manner as to prevent flickering of the light and spluttering of unvaporized liquid fuel when used or other unintentional spreading thereof under any condition and to thus reduce the danger of fire and explosion to a minimum particularly in lamps utilizing liquid fuel as an operating medium.

Another object of my invention is to pro vide for a uniform, simple and substantially constant vaporization of the liquid fuel while lamps of the latter type are in operation.

My improvement will be fully described hereinafter and the features of novelty will be pointed out in the appended claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an example of my improved construction and in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of a vapor lamp partly in section; Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 33 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a similar view on the line of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a similar view on the line of Fig. 1 looking upward with the mantle removed; Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view of a mantle locking device forming part of my arrangement; Fig. 7 is an elevation partly in section of another form of my improvement; Fig. 8 is a similar detail view of still another form thereof; Figs. 9 and 10 are horizontal sections on an enlarged scale taken respectively on the lines 99 and 10-1O of Fig. 8 and Fig. 11 is a detail view of another form of air intake arrangement.

As shown in Fig. l of the drawings the lamp comprises a receptacle 1 which may form the base of the lamp or be otherwise arranged and which is adapted to contain liquid fuel such as kerosene or the like under pressure, any convenient means as for in stance a pump 2 of any suitable type being connected with said receptacle whereby air is compressed therein and the desired degree of pressure on the fuel-is maintained. Any convenient type of escape valve 3 may be provided on said receptacle 1 for permitting air to escape therefrom when it is desired to reduce the pressure and to restrict the feed of the fuel. In the illustrated example a tube 4 communicating with the interior of the receptacle 1 extends upwardly therefrom and is formed at its exit end with a nozzle opening 4 and further is provided at an intermediate point with a valve chamber 5 and valve 6 of any suitable construction whereby the feed of the fuel through said tube 4 to the burner is controlled. In the assembled condition of the parts the upper portion of the tube 4 extends into a sleeve 7 which depends from an approximately central point of a transverse air inlet tube 8, the free end of the tube 4 at which the nozzle opening 4 is located being in this manner brought into communication with said air inlet tube 8 as shown in Fig. 1. A mixing tube 9 communicates with said air inlet tube 8 and extends upwardly therefrom in axial alinement with the sleeve 7 and consequently with the tube 4 when the lamp is in its operative condition. Both the sleeve 7 and mixing tube 9 are preferably detachably connected with said air inlet tube 8 in any desired manner as for instance by screw threading. The mixing tube 9 and the sleeve 7 are surrounded by-an open ended outer tube 10 of relatively larger diameter and provided with suitable apertures through which the air inlet tube 8 projects in opposite directions, the said outer tubelO extending upwardly beyond the mixing tube 9 and having its lower end located at a slight distance above the depending end of the sleeve 7 as shown in Fig. 1. The said depending end of said sleeve 7 is preferably screwthreaded to detachably receive a ring 11 having perforations 12 and adapted to fit within and cover the lower end of said outer tube 10, a downwardly flaring deflector 13 depending from said ring 11 and surrounding the tube 4 in the assembled condition of the parts. The upper end of the outer tube 10 is closed by means of a removable cap 14 having 21. preferably cone shaped projection 1.5 projecting downwardly from its inner surface in axial alinement with the mixing tube 9 and surrounded by an annular downwardly converging deflecting surface 16 as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 6. A mantle support 17 is located on the outer tube 10 at a point preferably just below the air-inlet tube 8 and is provided with bayonet slots 18' adapted to receive the projections 19 of a mantle ring 20 from which the mantle 21 is suspended in the usual way. The said mantle is of the inverted type and is provided with an aperture 21 through which the tube 4 extends so that in the operative position of the parts, the mantle 21 surrounds a portion of the said tube 4 and thedeflector 13 and ringll and extends below the two last named elements as shown in F 1.

In the preferred construction the mantle support is provided with a vertically movable latch22 operated by gravity and arranged in its operative position to extend across a horizontal portion of one of the bayonet slots 18 to close the same as shown in Fig. 6 and thus prevent a rotation of the ring 20 relatively to the support 17 and an accidental or unintentional dislocation of the mantle 21. Any suitable provision may be made for preventing the said latch 22 from dropping entirely out of the aperture of the mantle support 17 in which it operates as by providing said latch at its opposite ends with enlargements 23. An open ended tubular shell 24 surrounds the mixing tube 9 and is provided with suitable apertures in which the opposite ends of the air inlet tube 8 are secured, so that said tube 8 forms a support for the said shell and theends of said tube 8 are open therethrough to'the atmosphere. Arms 25 depend from said shell 24 and have their lower ends bent inwardly toward each other and secured to a tubular member 26 which is thus supported at a distance beneath and in axial alinement with the sleeve 7 and forms a support for a dish 27 containing asbestos or other fire-proof fibrous material 28 adapted to be saturated with alcohol or the like and ignited to preheat the fuel when the lamp is to be used. The tubular member 26 has an internal diameter adapted to slidably fit on the tube 4 and in the operative condition of the lamp preferably rests upon a coil spring 29 surrounding the said tube 4 and in turn abutting against the valve chamber 5 of the valve 6 as shown in Fig. 1. lVith this arrangement it will be seen that the sleeve 7, air inlet tube 8, mixing tube 9, outer tube 10, ring 11, deflector 13, cap 14, mantle support 17 mantle ring 20, mantle 21, shell 24, tubular member 26 and dish 27 are combined in the form of a unit and are adapted to be manipulated as such.

When the mantle 21 is to be combined with the lamp the shell 24 with its connect-ed parts is simply lifted and removed from the lamp after which the said shell is inverted to bring Fig. 6 and properly connect the mantle 21 in operative position. In this position the aperture 21 of the mantle is substantially in axial alinement with the deflector 13, sleeve 7 and tubular member 26. The shell 24 is now reversed back to its normal upright position in which the latch 22 drops back by gravity across the horizontal portion of the cooperating'bayonet slot 18 and thus locks the mantle ring 20 against rotation on the support l7 and the mantle 21 in its operative position. The parts may new again be opera tively combined with the lamp by placing the tubular member 26 over the end of the tube 4 and sliding it lengthwise thereof until the spring 29 is reached, the tube 4 meanwhile having passed through the aperture 21 of the mantle 21 and into the combined deflector 13 and sleeve 7 as will be clearly apparent. During the removal of the parts and the replacing thereof as described the tubular member 26 acts as a guide along the tube 4 and maintains the aperture 21 of the mantle 21 in proper alinement with said tube 4 whereby injury to the mantle 21 by said tube 4 is prevented, this being particularly true when the parts are replaced as set forth. The spring 29 serves to absorb any shock which may result from the replacing of the parts and prevents injury to the mantle and, other parts from such cause. This spring may in some cases be omitted or replaced by other devices for accomplishing the same results.

In the operative condition of the lamp the receptacle 1 contains a suitable amount of liquid fuel such as kerosene or the like, it being understood that the pump 2 has been actuated to produce the desired degree of pressure in said receptacle, a suitable gage being included in the structure if desired to indicate said degree of pressure. When it is intended to use the lamp the asbestos 28 or the mixing tube 9. In passing to the said mixing tube 9 air is sucked in through the air inlet tube 8 and becomes mixed with the vaporized fuel in said tube 9. Thi's'mixture of fuel and air passes from the upper end of the tube 9 into contact with the conical projection 15 and deflecting surface 16 and is deflected downwardly thereby into the annular space between the mixing tube 9 and outer tube 10 as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1, along which said mixture travels and from which it passes through the perforations 12 into engagement with the deflector 13. From the deflector 13 the mixture of vaporized fuel and air passes into contact with the mantle 21 which is now ignited, it being understood that the deflector 13 gives the current of vaporized fuel and air an upward direction and a whirling motion so that direct contact with any one portion of the mantle is avoided and at the same time the hot mixture is deflected away from thetube 1 so that the latter is prevented from becoming too hot. After the alcohol or the like with which the asbestos or other material is saturated has burned itself out and the mantle has been ignited the tube 4 will be maintained in a heated condition to properly vaporize the fuel rising therein by the heat of the burning vaporized fuel at the mantle. It will be noted that the mixture of vaporized fuel and air first travels upward in the mixing tube 9 and then downward along the same to the mantle and in this way is subjected to a double heating, the consequence of which is that the mixture is brought to a high state of efliciency before it reaches the mantle with the result that perfect combustion and a maximum degree of illumination is secured. The fuel in the receptacle may be maintained under the de sired pressure by periodically actuating the pump 2 or if a light of lesser intensity is desired the pressure may be relieved by opening the escape valve 3, the supply of fuel to be vaporized being in this manner reduced.

Instead of using fluid fuel and vaporizing same to operate the lamp ordinary illuminating gas or other gaseous fuel may be used for this purpose in which case the fuel tube 4, instead of communicating with the receptacle 1 would be connected with a gas main or other source of supply. When using gas or similar fuel as suggested the preheating pan 27 may be omitted from the structure if desired the operation of the lamp otherwise being the same as described heretofore. In either case in order to prevent a roaring sound in the lamp caused by the air rushing into and through the air inlet tube 8 any suitable means may be employed. For instance, as shown, tubular members 30 having interior surfaces which converge or taper toward the interior of the tube 8 may be secured in one or both ends thereof and may no utilized to secure the ends of the air inlet tube 8 in the shell 24, or said tube 8 may be provided interiorly with one or a series of baffle members 31 as shown in Fig. 1. In some cases the members 30 or the members 31 alone may be included in the arrangement while in other instances a combination of both may be found desirable. If desired suspending means 32 of any type may be combined with the lamp for supporting a globe of any proper cooperating construction or shape.

In Fig. 7 I have shown my improvement arranged for use in connection with an upright mantle instead of an inverted mantle as in the first form. In this latter form the mantle 21 which may be of the usual upright type is connected at its upper end with the fuel tube 4 in any suitable manner so as to surround same and be suspended thereon and at its lower end extends over a tube 1O which surrounds a sleeve 7 at av distance and forms therewith a chamber 10 the lower end of which is closed and the upper end of which is covered by means of a ring 11 having perforations 12. In the arrangement being described the fuel tube 1 extends through the sleeve 7 a and mantle 21 and has its upper end at which the nozzle opening a is located detachably connected with an air inlet tube 8 as shown in Fig. 7. This air inlet tube 8- is connected with a mixing tube 9 and extends in opposite directions therefrom, said mixing tube 9 projecting upwardly from said air inlet tube and being formed with a return bend so as to extend downwardly and substantially parallel with the fuel tube 4% through a sleeve 8 which closes the one end of said air inlet tubeS and serves to increase the rigidity of structure. The depending free end of the mixing tube 9 is preferably slightly tapered to detachably fit into a similarly formed socket 51* forming part of and communicating with a tube 9 which in turn is connected with the chamber 10 and preferably comprises an integral part of the sleeve 7*. A rod or stem 9 extends downwardly from the tube 9 and is constructed with a shoulder adapted to rest upon a bracket 5 extending from a valve chamber 5 similar to the valve chamber 5 of Fig. 1 and further has a reduced screw threaded end arranged to project through said bracket and accommodate a nut 5 whereby said tube 9 and its constituent parts are supported and secured in operative position. A suitable valve 5 cooperates with the val e chamber 5 to control the flow of, fuel through the tube 4 in the same way as in Fig. 1. In the illustration this form of my improvement is shown as being operated with illuminating gas, the tube 1 being connected with a source of such fuel through the medium of a pipe 4". It will of course be understood that the said of the nozzle opening 4% into the mixing tube 9 air being drawn in through the tube 8 and becoming, mixed with the fuel in the same manner as in Fig. 1. The said mixture flows through the tube 9 and the tube 9 into the chamber 10 from which it passes.

through the perforations 12 to the mantle 27 where it is. ignited in the customary way. When the lamp is burning, the fuel in. passing that part of the tube l which is surrounded by the mantle-27 is heated and expaneled to a maximum degree thus increasing its capacity for absorbing air to a maximum extent and resulting in perfect combustion at the mantle. This effect is still further assured by conducting the mixture itself through the mixing tube "9 in close proximity'to the mantle so that the mixture is delivered to the latter in a preheated condition and highly combustible state. In the form being described the tubular members 30 and bafiiemembers 31 of the form of my improvement first described have been omitted from the air inlet tube 8 although it is to be understood that these elements may be combined with said tube if found necessary or desirable.

In Figs. 8, 9 andlO I have shown an arrangement for supporting the inverted mantle somewhat different from that illustrated in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 9 aplateQ Pis secured in the shell 24: preferably at a point near its lower end and said shell is provided with a plurality of bayonet slots 18. These bayonet slots 18 are adapted to receive the projections19 of a ring 19 having a hori-' zontal inwardly extending flange 19 and adapted to substantially fit or lie against said plate 2 when the projections 19 are in operative position in the slots 18. The said flange 19 is adapted to form a support for the projections 19 of the mantle ring 20 from which the mantle 21 is suspended as in Fig. 1. Beds 25 extend downwardly from the ring 19 and have their-lower ends turned inwardly and connected with a tubular member 26 whereby the latter is suspended'at a distance below the mantle 21 in axial alinement with theaperture 21 thereof as in the form of my improvement first described. In the arrangement being described when the parts are assembled the tubular member 26* rests upon a projection 29 formed on the tube 4 it being understood that the spring 29' of Fig. 1 may be introduced between said tubular member and projection as in said Fig. 1 if desired. The

is raised, thus carrying the ring 19 and mantle 21 with then associated parts along, the tubularinember 26" sliding along said tube l during this operation. When completely removed the shellQei is inverted in which condition the projections 19 of the mantlewhich is to be removed rest upon the plate 2% and support the mantle in an up-' right condition. The ring 19 may now be disconnected from the shell 24 by; rotating it relatively thereto to bring the projections 19? opposite the open portions of the bayonet slots 18 after which the old mantle is free to be lifted from the plate Zlfi'and a new one placed in position thereon. The ring 19 is then placed over the new mantle and again connected with theshell 2 1 to lock the mantle ring in operative position after which the shell is returned to its upright position and with its parts again operatively connected with the lamp by sliding the tubular member 26 along the tube 1 ina reverse direction. During this last named operation the said member 26 serves to properly guide the aperture 21 of the mantle over the tube 4: and prevents injury thereto in the same manner as in Fig. 1. In order to prevent an unintentional disengagement of the projections 19 from the bayonet slots 19 any suitable means may be provided as for instance the hook 522 shown in Fig. 8. This hook in its normal position closes one of the bayonet slots 18 as illustrated and operates by gravity to and from said operative position as the shell 24: is manipulated in the same way as does the latch 23 of Fig.v 1.

Fig. 11 illustrates a different form of air intake. In this form the shell 24" is surrounded by a sleeve 24 located at a distance therefrom to form an annular space 249 and having an annular bead 2 1 which forms an annular channel 2 1 opposite to the inlet ends of the air inlet tube 8.v The sleeve 24 may be secured to the shell 24 in' any suitable manner as by means of a flange 2% and rivets 249. When the lamp with the arrangement being described is in operation air is drawn into the space 24 throughout the entire upper periphery of said shell 24* and is conducted by the channel 2%? to the open ends of the air inlet tube 8 through which it passes to the mixing tube as described hereinafter. In passing through the space 2 1 the incoming air is preheated bycontact with the shell to the heated fuel thus bringing about a mixture having a maximum degree of com bustibility. The sleeve 24 by preventing a direct entrance of the air into the air inlet tube 8 also prevents flickering of the light and provides in the channel 2-H a substantially constant supply 'of warm air for admixture with the fuel. The head 24 may be utilized as a means for supporting a proper shade or globe 248 if desired; when such shade or globe is in position only outside air can be drawn into the tube 8 and no products of combustion are carried along because said shade is located between the flame of the lamp or the zone in which combustion is taking place and the upper end of the sleeve 24: as is clearly apparent in Fig. 11. It will of course, be understood that the arrangement shown in Fig. 11 may if desired be included in the form of my invention shown in Figs. 1 and 8 in place of the structures illustrated therein. It will further be obvious that the preheating dish 27 of Fig. 1 instead of being carried by the tubular member 26 may be secured to the tube 4 as in Figs. 7 and 8 in which case the said member 26 will be independently supported by the rods 25 in the same way as in said Fig. 8.

In all the forms of my improvement the fuel of whatever character it may be is regenerated before it reaches the point of consumption and expanded to a maximum condition whereby it is capable of absorbing a maximum amount of oxygen and burns with a relatively perfect flame substantially free from carbon and consequently without smoke or the like. The flame is also extremely steady and does not flicker and results in an incandescent light of great brilliancy with a minimum consumption of fuel.

The arrangements are simple in construction and easy to operate and owing to the fact that the supply tube 4 extends through the mantle the lamps may be operated in the wind without causing a cooling of said tube 1 and without materially interfering with the efliciency of the lamp and when fluid fuel is used also does away with the danger of spluttering or other unintentional spreading of unvaporized fuel. The danger of fire caused by a defective operation of the lamp is thus obviated and the latter may in consequence be used with safety and without danger under all conditions either indoors or outdoors. The constructions also make the lamp particularly adapted for use in out of the way places where ordinarily illuminating means, except possibly of the most meager and unsatisfactory type, would not be available. When the lamp is to be extinguished the valve 6 is simply closed whereby the supply of fuel to the heated portions of the tube 4 is completely out off and in the case of fluid fuel vaporization thereof stopped almost immediately so that escaping gases or fumes due to partly consumed fuel are entirely avoided.

Various changes in the specific construction shown and described may be made within the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I claim:

1. An incandescent lamp comprising a mixing tube, an air inlet tube in communication therewith, a mantle, means for supporting said mantle, a fuel conducting tube extending through said mantle into communication with said mixing tube and said air inlet tube and a downwardly flaring deflector within said mantle and surrounding said fuel conducting tube.

2. An incandescent lamp comprising a mixing tube, an air inlet tube in communication therewith, an outer tube surrounding said mixing tube at a distance, a mantle suspended below the one end of said outer tube, a fuel supply tube extending through said mantle into communication with said mixing tube and said air inlet tube, and means at the other end of said outer tube for defleeting the mixture of fuel and air from said mixing tube downwardly through the space between the latter and said outer tube whereby said mixture is conducted to the mantle from above.

8. An incandescent lamp comprising a mixing tube, an air inlet tube in communication therewith, an outer tube surrounding said mixing tube at a distance, a mantle suspended at the lower end of said outer tube, a fuel supply tube extending through said mantle into communication with said mixing tube and said air inlet tube, means at the upper end of said outer tube for deflecting the mixture of fuel and air from said mixing tube through the space between the latter and said mixing tube to the mantle, a perforated ring located within the lower end of said outer tube and a downwardly flaring deflector depending from said ring within the mantle and surrounding the fuel supply tube. 1

4. An incandescent lamp comprising a tu bular shell, a mixing tube arranged concentrically within said shell, an outer tube located within said shell and surrounding said mixing tube at a distance therefrom, an air inlet tube extending through said shell and said outer tube into communication with said mixing tube, a tubular preheating means suspended from saidshell at a distance below said mixing tube, a mantle suspended above said preheating means and having an aperturein axial alinement therewith, a fuel supply tube extending slidably through said preheating means and projecting through said mantle aperture into communication with said mixin tube and said air inlet tube, said preheating means serving to guide said a mantle connected with said ring, radial projections on said ring adapted to enter said bayonet slots whereby said mantle is operatively connected with said supporting means by means of a relative rotative movement of the mantle ring and a gravity latch adapted to project across the horizontal portion of one of said bayonet slots whereby said ring is locked against rotation.

6. In an incandescent lamp a tubular shell provided with slots, a plate in said shell above and in close proximity to said slots, a supporting ring adapted to lie against said plate, projections on said ring arranged to enter said slots whereby said supporting ring is removably supported on said shell, a mantle ring detachably clamped in position between said ring and said plate and a mantle connected with said mantle ring.

7 In an incandescent lamp a tubular shell provided with slots, a plate in said shell above and in close proximity to said slots, a supporting ring adapted to lie against said plate, projections on said ring arranged to enter said slots whereby said supporting ring is supported on said shell, a mantle ring lo- 'cated between said ring and "said plate, a

mantle connected with said mantle ring and means for automatically locking said projections in said slots.

8. In an incandescent lamp a tubular shell provided with slots, a plate in said shell above and in close proximity to said slots, a

supporting ring adapted to lie against said plate, projections on said ring arranged to enter said slots whereby said supporting ring is supported on said shell, a mantle ring 10- cated between said ring and said plate, a-

mantle connected with said mantle ring, means for automatically locking said projectio-ns in said slots, a tubular guide member located'at a distance from and in axial alinement with said supporting ring and rods connecting said guide member with said supporting ring.

9. In an incandescent lamp, a tubular shell having diametrically opposite openings therein, an air inlet tube in said shell having its opposite ends in registry with said openings, and a sleeve located exteriorly of said shell and at a distance therefrom and extending above said openings,

said sleeve being open above said openings and closed at its lower end below said open ings.

10. In an incandescent lamp, a tubular shell having diametrically opposite openings therein, an air inlet tube in said shell having its opposite ends in registry with said openings, and a sleeve located exteriorly of saidshell and at a distance therefrom and extending above said openings,

said sleeve being open above said openings and closed at its lower end below said openings, and havlng a circumferential groove formed therein in registry with said openings.

11. In an incandescent lamp, a device for mixing air and fuel, a mantle carried thereby, a preheating means, a fuel conducting tube having its exit end extending into the mixing device and forming therewith an annular space about said exit end whereby the latter is exposed to the pre-heating flame and means for protecting said exit end of the fuel tube from the direct heat of the Bunsen flame.

12. In an incandescent lamp, a device for mixing air and fuel, a mantle carried thereby, a preheating means and a fuel conducting tube having its exit end extending into said mixing, device and forming therewith an annular space about said exit end into which the preheating flame extends.

13. In an incandescent lamp,-a device for mixing'air and fuel, a fuel conducting tube having its exit end extending into said mixing device and forming therewith an annular space about said exit end, a suspended mantle having an opening at its lower end through which said fuel tube extends and which forms an annular space about the latter, and a preheating means located beneath said mantle, the flame from said preheating means passing freely through said mantle opening, along said fuel codnucting tube and into the annular space about the exit end thereof. I

14. 111 an incandescent lamp, a device for mixing air and fuel, a fuel conducting tube connected therewith, and a suspended inverted mantle surrounding said fuel tube and provided at its lower end with an opening through which said fuel tube extends and which forms a free annular space about said fuel tube.

In testimoy whereof I have hereunto set my hand in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

osoan WIEDERHOLD.

lVitnesses JOHN A. KnrILnNBnox, FRITZ ZIEGLER, J r.

Copies '0! this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

' i Washington, 0. a 

